What is bipolar?
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that involves both extreme highs and lows, which gives it the name bi-polar. The highs are called the ‘manic episode,’ while the lows are called the ‘depressive episode.’ Having more energy or needing less sleep don't indicate a manic episode. Instead, this illness is identified by experiencing a combination of symptoms.
The two extremes of bipolar: mania and depression
Mania or a manic episode typically lasts for at least one week. During this time, the person experiences several of the following changes in behavior:
the person needs a lot less sleep, yet feels energetic. It's common for persons with bipolar to stay up very late, but then be ready to go at the first sign of dawn.
their thoughts become significantly inflated. For example, they begin to say things like, "They are going to make a movie about me" or "I know they're out to get me."
their speech becomes faster
the person's thoughts are racing and they quickly change ideas or topics when talking
they seem erratic and unpredictable (e.g., restless, working on several projects at once---perhaps well into the night)
they engage in "risky" behavior (e.g. spending sprees or sexual activity
A major depressive episode usually lasts at least least two weeks. During this time, they experience at least five five of the following changes in behavior:
intense sadness or despair
loss of interest in doing things they once enjoyed
fatigue
increased sleep (e.g. extremely difficult to get out of bed) or
trouble actually getting to sleep despite being tired
experience weight loss of gain
Frequent thoughts of death or suicide
As you can probably tell, bipolar is a serious issue that should be addressed with mental health professionals because it can have serious consequences if left untreated. For example, someone who is manic may go for days without sleeping and engage in a spending spree, accruing a large debt. If they move into a depressive episode, they may go from being unusually energetic to fatigued and needing excessive sleep. At these low points, people can determine their life is no longer worth living. If you or someone you know evidences these symptoms, check with a qualified medical doctor.